Indirect speech. Косвенная речь
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При помощи косвенной речи в английском языке мы передаем речь не дословно и от первого лица (лица говорящего), а от третьего лица в виде дополнительных придаточных предложений с целью пересказа информации.
Изменения глагола в утверждениях в косвенной речи
Мы используем косвенную речь с целью пересказать чьи-либо слова от третьего лица. Для пересказа чего-либо обычно используется прошедшее время.
I’m getting on the next train. — She said that she was getting on the next train.
После слова said в прошедшем времени обычно действует правило согласования времен. Примеры представлены ниже.
Слова говорящего | Косвенная речь | ||
Present Simple | ‘I’m so hungry’ ‘I have a flower’ | Past Simple | He said that he was so hungry. She said that he had a flower. |
Present Continuous | ‘The team is playing badly’ | Past Continuous | He said that the team was playing badly. |
Can Will Must | ‘I can do that’ ‘I will gift the flower’ ‘They must stay here!’ | Could Would Must/Had to | She said that she could do that. He said that he would gift the flower. She said that they must/ had to stay here. |
Некоторые глаголы не меняются в косвенной речи: could, should, would, might:
‘I should meet you later.’ — He said that he should meet me later.
Косвенная речь в Past Simple и в Present Perfect
C Past Simple и в Present Perfect часто используется конструкция had + третья форма глагола, например had/hadn’t finished. Похоже на Past Perfect, но не стоит путать.
Слова говорящего | Косвенная речь | |
Past Simple | ‘It rained a lot in the summer’ | They said that it had rained a lot in the summer. |
Present Perfect | ‘Tom hasn’t arrived yet’ | He said that Tom hadn’t arrived yet. |
Изменения местоимений в косвенной речи
Местоимения и притяжательные местоимения | Меняется на | Примеры | |
|---|---|---|---|
I | He/she | ‘I’m hot’ – Dave said that he was hot. | |
Me | Him/her | ‘They need me’ – She said that they needed her. | |
My | His/her | ‘That’s my book’ – He said that it was his book. | |
Ours | Theirs | ‘Those seats are ours’ – Alice said that those seats were theirs. |
Также: we – they, us – them, our – their, you – I/we, you – me/is, your – my/our, yours – mine/ours.
